Cranial plate for ultrasound guided cerebral shunt placement

ABSTRACT

A ventricular catheter assembly including a proximal catheter and a cooperating cranial cover. The cranial cover includes a base plate having an opening aligned with a burr hole in the skull of a person. A guide extends upwardly from the base plate and receives the proximal catheter.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 15/043,415, filed Feb. 12, 2016, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/131,888, filed Mar. 12, 2015,the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY

The present invention relates generally to a system and method forcerebral shunt placement and, more particularly, to a cranial coverincluding a base plate and a guide for holding a catheter afterultrasound guided cerebral shunt placement.

Hydrocephalus, otherwise known as “water on the brain”, is a conditionin which the ventricles of the brain, which typically maintains a steadybalance of daily production and reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF), fail and an excess amount of CSF accumulates. Various, eitherchronic or acute, conditions may cause this condition due to a lack ofsufficient drainage. Known treatment of hydrocephalus may includeplacing a shunt into a ventricle to drain the excess fluid.

Recent treatment methods may utilize ultrasound visualization, areal-time imaging system, to increase the accuracy of shunt placement.In a typical procedure, shunt placement is achieved by drilling arelatively large diameter (e.g. 12 mm) burr hole into the skull andgrinding away extra bone in one area to provide clearance for thecatheter to be guided along the ultrasound device. Further complicationsmay develop if this device is not accurately placed, including leakagearound the catheter, hemorrhaging, migration of the catheter, and/orinfection.

Two of the largest problems observed with cerebral shunt placement isshunt 1) obstruction which can be seen from catheter migration, and 2)infection which can be seen from pseudomeningocele formation at the burrhole site. Currently, there are no known cranial covers configured toboth cover the burr hole, and firmly hold a catheter in a desiredorientation.

Complications due to shunt placement can arise that are largelycontributed to ultrasound guidance techniques. For example, infectionsmay be partly due to the larger burr hole required to place theultrasound device on the dura mater underneath the bone. In order tohelp prevent infection, a cranial plate would be able to cover the holeand decrease the exchange of fluids from the brain with the surroundingtissue. By developing a plate to cover the burr hole, the shuntinfection rate in patients can be decreased, thus decreasing hospitalvisits, postoperative complications, and the number of shunt revisionsurgeries.

In certain patients with ultrasound guided cerebral shunt placements,pseudomeningocele (an abnormal collection of CSF around the brain)occurs, with some cases having the collection of fluid protrude out ofthe surface of the skull. This complication could be directly solvedwith the installation of a plate to prevent the fluid sack fromprotruding out. Along with preventing protrusions, the plate will actlike a barrier preventing any external objects from entering the burrhole.

According to an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure, acranial cover is configured to be secured to a skull, and to cooperatewith a catheter extending within a burr hole formed within the skull.The cranial cover includes a base plate having an upper surface, a lowersurface, and an opening extending through the base plate between theupper surface and the lower surface. A guide extends upwardly from theupper surface of the base plate and includes a first riser, a secondriser, and a receiver defined between the first riser and the secondriser. A holder is supported by the first riser and the second riser andis configured to retain a distal portion of the catheter within thereceiver and extending parallel to the upper surface of the base plate.A support boss extends downwardly from the lower surface of the baseplate and is configured to be received within the burr hole.

According to another illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure,a ventricular catheter assembly includes a proximal catheter configuredto be in fluid communication with a ventricle of a brain and to extendthrough a burr hole formed within a skull receiving the brain. A cranialcover cooperates with the proximal catheter. The cranial cover includesa base plate having an upper surface, a lower surface, and an openingextending through the base plate between the upper surface and the lowersurface. A guide extends upwardly from the upper surface of the baseplate and receives the proximal catheter for extending parallel to theupper surface of the base plate. The guide maintains the catheter angleentering the skull and reduces catheter migration.

According to a further illustrative embodiment of the presentdisclosure, a method of treating hydrocephalus includes the steps offorming a burr hole within the skull of a person, placing a proximalcatheter in fluid communication with a ventricle of a brain within theskull, and positioning a cranial cover external to the skull. Thecranial cover includes a base plate having an opening, and a guidesupported by the base plate. The method further includes the steps ofthe aligning of the opening of the base plate with the burr hole in theskull, securing the base plate of the cranial cover to the skull,positioning the proximal catheter within the guide parallel to an outersurface of the skull, and securing the proximal catheter within theguide.

In certain illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure, the baseplate may be produced in different materials allowing for eitherpermanent placement or temporary placement (e.g., resorbable).

Additional features and advantages of the present invention will becomeapparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the followingdetailed description of the illustrative embodiments exemplifying thebest mode of carrying out the invention as presently perceived.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The detailed description of the drawings particularly refers to theaccompanying figures in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a ventricular catheter assemblyincluding an illustrative cranial cover of the present disclosureinstalled on the skull of a person;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the ventricular catheter assembly ofFIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the illustrative cranial cover of FIG.1, the cranial cover including a base plate and a guide separated alonga longitudinal split interface;

FIG. 4 is a further illustrative embodiment cranial cover including abase plate and a guide separated along a lateral split interface;

FIG. 5 is a further illustrative embodiment cranial cover including abase plate separated along a longitudinal split interface;

FIG. 6 is a further illustrative embodiment of the cranial coverincluding a base plate separated along a lateral split interface;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another illustrative cranial coverincluding a guide fixed to a base plate; and

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a further illustrative cranial cover ofthe present disclosure including a guide supported for movement along anarcuate track formed within a base plate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The embodiments of the invention described herein are not intended to beexhaustive or to limit the invention to precise forms disclosed. Rather,the embodiments elected for description have been chosen to enable oneskilled in the art to practice the invention.

With reference initially to FIGS. 1 and 2, a ventricular catheterassembly 10 is shown for use with a human person 12. More particularly,the ventricular catheter assembly 10 defines a cerebral shuntcooperating with a brain 14 by relieving fluid pressure from within aventricle 16 of the brain 14. The ventricular catheter assembly 10 isillustratively secured to bone 18 of a skull 20.

The ventricular catheter assembly 10 illustratively includes a proximalcatheter 22 in fluid communication with ventricle 16 of brain 14. Asfurther detailed herein, a burr hole 24 is formed within the skull 20 ofthe person 12, such that the proximal catheter 22 extends outwardly fromthe ventricle 16 through the burr hole 24. A distal catheter 26 may befluidly coupled to the proximal catheter 22 via a one way or a checkvalve 28. The valve 28 is fluidly coupled between the proximal catheter22 and the distal catheter 26 to permit fluid flow only in a directionaway from the ventricle 16. More particularly, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)is permitted to flow out from ventricle 16 through the proximal catheter22, the valve 28, and the distal catheter 26.

With further reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, an illustrative cranial cover30 is positioned external to the skull 20 and includes an opening 32 toreceive the proximal catheter 22 in alignment with the burr hole 24.Various illustrative embodiments of the cranial cover 30, 130, 230 and330 are further shown in FIGS. 3-8.

As shown in FIGS. 1-3, illustrative cranial cover 30 includes an ovalshaped base plate 34, including a first member 36 and a second member38. The oval shaped base plate 34 facilitates full coverage over theburr hole 24, while minimizing catheter migration and preventingpseudomeningoceles. The second member 38 of the base plate 34 isseparable from the first member 36 of the base plate 34 along a splitinterface 40. Illustratively, the base plate 34 has a length (along amajor or longitudinal axis 42) of approximately 22 millimeters, and awidth (along a minor or lateral axis 44) of approximately 17millimeters. In the illustrative embodiment of FIG. 3, the splitinterface 40 extends longitudinally along the major axis 42 of the baseplate 34. The split interface 40 illustratively extends through opening32 thereby defining a first semi-circular notch 45 in the first member36 and a second semi-circular notch 46 in the second member 38.Illustratively, each notch 44 and 46 has a radius of approximately 1.25millimeters, such that the opening 32 has a diameter of approximately2.5 millimeters.

An alignment tab 48 may be supported by the first member 36 at the splitinterface 40, while an alignment notch 50 may be supported by the secondmember 38 at the split interface 40. The alignment tab 48 may bereceived within the alignment notch 50 to facilitate proper orientationand alignment of the first member 36 relative to the second member 38.In certain illustrative embodiments, a locking device (e.g., a tonguesnap-fit into a groove) may be supported at the split interface 40 tocouple or lock together the first member 36 and the second member 38.

The illustrative base plate 34 includes an upper surface 52 and a lowersurface 54. The opening 32 is illustratively a thru-hole extendingbetween the upper surface 46 and the lower surface 48 of the base plate34. In certain illustrative embodiments, the opening 32 may be slightlyoval shaped thereby allowing for slight movement of the proximalcatheter 22 while being installed.

A support boss 56 extends downwardly from the lower surface 48 of thebase plate 34 and into the burr hole. Illustratively, the support boss56 is centered around the opening 32 and provides extra support to theproximal catheter 22 extending through the burr hole 24 while preventingmigration of the catheter 22. The support boss 56 may include acylindrical side wall 58, separated along the interface 40, andextending downwardly from the lower surface 54 of the base plate 34 byapproximately 3 millimeters.

Mounting tabs 60 and 62 may extend outwardly from an outer edge 63 ofthe base plate 34. Illustratively, a first pair of mounting tabs 60extend outwardly from the first member 36 and a second pair of mountingtabs 62 extend outwardly from the second member 38. It should beappreciated that the location and number of mounting tabs 60 and 62 mayvary. Each mounting tab 60, 62 includes an opening 64, 66 to receive abone screw 68 to secure the base plate 34 to bone 18 of the skull 20.Illustratively, the base plate 34 is resilient or flexible such that itmay conform to the outer curvature of the skull 20 when secured theretovia the bone screws 68.

The base plate 34 may be formed of different materials based upon, forexample, permanent or temporary placement. In one illustrativeembodiment for permanent placement, the base plate 34 is formed oftitanium and has a thickness of approximately 0.5 millimeters. Titaniumprovides sufficient strength and protection to the brain 14 by coveringthe burr hole 24. However, various other materials, including plasticsand composites suitable for medical use may be substituted for titanium.In certain illustrative embodiments for temporary placement, the baseplate 34 may be formed of a resorbable material.

A catheter guide 70 extends upwardly from the upper surface 52 of thebase plate 34 and is configured to receive and hold the proximalcatheter 22. The proximal catheter 22 and the distal catheter 26 includetubes 71 and 73, respectively, to convey fluid (e.g., cerebrospinalfluid) from the ventricle 16 of the brain 14. Tube 71 of the proximalcatheter 22 illustratively includes a first or proximal portion 71 aextending substantially perpendicular to the outer surface of the skull20 and the lower surface 54 of the base plate 34, and a second portion71 b extending substantially perpendicular to the first portion 71 a andsubstantially parallel to the outer surface of the skull 20 and theupper surface 52 of the base plate 34.

As shown in FIG. 3, the guide 70 illustratively includes opposing firstand second arms or risers 72 and 74 extending upwardly from the uppersurface 52 of the base plate 34. A receiver 76 is defined between thefirst and second risers 72 and 74 for receiving second portion 71 b ofthe tube 71 of the proximal catheter 18. More particularly, arcuateinner surfaces 73 and 75 of the risers 72 and 74 illustratively definecylindrical receiver 76. In the illustrative embodiment, the receiver 76defines a receiver axis 77 which extends parallel to the major axis 42of the base plate 34. Illustratively, the first riser 72 is supported bythe first member 36 of the base plate 34, and the second riser 74 issupported by the second member 38 of the base plate 34.

A holder 78 is supported by the first and second risers 72 and 74, andillustratively includes inwardly extending first and second lips 82 and84. The first and second lips 82 and 84 may snap-fit over the tube 71 toretain the proximal catheter 18 in place, such that the distal portion71 b extends substantially parallel to the upper surface 52 of the baseplate 34.

Installation of the ventricular catheter 10 including cranial cover 30is further detailed below. It should be appreciated that installation ofcranial cover 30′ is substantially the same as with cranial cover 30.During installation, burr hole 24 is initially formed within the skull20. Illustratively, the burr hole 24 has a diameter (e.g., approximately12 millimeters) sufficient to receive a conventional ultrasound deviceor probe (not shown). The ultrasound device serves as a guide for theplacement of the proximal catheter 22 into the ventricle 16.Illustratively, the burr hole 24 is formed by drilling a pilot hole andthen grinding away excess bone 18 to provide clearance for the proximalcatheter 22 to be guided along the ultrasound device. The proximalportion 71 a of the tube 71 is inserted into the ventricle 16 such thatthe proximal catheter 22 is in fluid communication with the ventricle16.

Either before or after insertion of the proximal catheter 22, the firstmember 36 of the base plate 34 is illustratively secured to the skull 20through bone screws 68. The proximal portion 71 a of the catheter tube71 is received within the semi-circular notch 45 of the first member 36.The second member 38 of the base plate 34 is then aligned along theinterface 40 with the first member 36, with the catheter tube 71 beingreceived between the second semi-spherical notch 46 and the firstsemi-spherical notch 45. Illustratively, the alignment tab 48 isreceived within the alignment notch 50 to properly orient and align thefirst and second members 36 and 38 of the base plate 34. The secondmember 38 is then secured to the skull 20 through the bone screws 68.The base plate 34 may be aligned with the burr hole 24 by positioningthe support boss 56 within the burr hole 24 of the skull 20.

The proximal catheter 22 is also received within the guide 70. Moreparticularly, the distal portion 71 b of the catheter tube 71 ispositioned within the receiver 76 defined between the first and secondrisers 72 and 74. The retaining lips 82 and 84 secure the catheter tube71 in position. The tube 71 bends 90 degrees as it exits the skull 20and extends above the base plate 34, such that the distal portion 71 bof the tube 71 extends substantially perpendicular to the outer surfaceof the skull 20 and the upper surface 52 of the base plate 34.

FIG. 4 shows a further illustrative cranial cover 30′ including a baseplate 34′ separated along a lateral split interface 40′. The cranialcover 30′ is substantially similar to the cranial cover 30, but with thelateral split interface 40′ extending substantially perpendicular to thelongitudinal split interface 40. As such, similar components betweencranial covers 30 and 30′ are identified with like reference numbers. Itshould be appreciated that the split interface 40, 40′ may be positionedat any location or orientation between first and second members 36, 36′and 38, 38′ based upon structure of the skull 20 and the brain 14, andsurgical preferences.

FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate further cranial covers 130 and 130′ thatinclude many similar components to those detailed above in connectionwith cranial covers 30 and 30′. As such, similar components areidentified with like reference numbers. For example, the cranial cover130 includes base plate 34, and the cranial cover 130′ includes baseplate 34′.

A catheter guide 170, 170′ is supported by each base plate 34, 34′. Moreparticularly, the guide 170 is supported by the second member 38 of baseplate 34, and the guide 170′ is supported by the first member 36′ ofbase plate 34′. The guide 170 may be pre-threaded and secured within anopening formed within the respective member 38, 36′ of the base plate34, 34′. With reference to FIG. 5, the receiver axis 77 of the guide 170may be oriented at a variety of different angles α relative to thelongitudinal axis 42. For example, the angle α illustratively may bebetween 45 and 90 degrees.

During installation of the cranial cover 130, the first member 36 of thebase plate 34 is illustratively secured to the skull 20 during placementof the proximal catheter 22 within the brain 14. The second member 38 ofthe base plate 34 is then secured to the skull 20 after the proximalcatheter 22 is positioned within the semi-circular openings 45 and 46.The distal portion 71 b of catheter tube 71 may then be received (e.g.,snap-fit) within the receiver 76 of the holder 170. Installation of thecranial cover 130′ is substantially similar to that of cranial cover130.

With reference now to FIG. 7, a further illustrative cranial cover 230includes a base plate 234 having an opening used for the placement of aright angle guide 270. Cranial cover 230 may use a conventional rightangle guide 270 which is secured to the cranial plate 234 throughconventional fasteners, such as snap-fit connectors 235. The guide 270illustratively includes an opening 232 to receive the proximal portion71 a of the catheter 22, and risers 272 and 274 defining a receiver 276for receiving distal portion 71 b of the catheter 22. The cranial plate234 and the right angle guide 270 may be pre-threaded onto the proximalcatheter 22. After the proximal catheter 22 is properly inserted intothe brain 14, the cranial plate 234 and the right angle guide 270 arethen slid down the catheter 22 until the plate 234 is flush with theskull 20, at which time it may be secured into place using bone screws68 extending through openings 64 in mounting tabs 60.

With reference to FIG. 8, a cranial cover 330 illustratively includes aright angle guide 370 supported for movement relative to a base plate334. The right angle guide 370 is configured to move in the direction ofarrows 371 (e.g., swivel) along an arcuate track 335 defined by opening332 in the cranial plate 334, thereby allowing for optimal customizationof catheter placement. Mounting tabs 360 include openings 364 forreceiving bone screws 68 to secure the base plate 334 to the skull 20.The right angle guide 370 illustratively includes mounting tabs 361having openings 363 to receive bone screws 68 for securing the guide 370to the skull 20. The cranial plate 334 and the right angle guide 370 maythen be secured to the skull 20, over the burr hole 24, after thecatheter 22 had been inserted.

Although the invention has been described in detailed with reference topreferred embodiments, variations and modifications exist within thespirit and scope of the invention as described and defined in thefollowing claims.

1. A ventricular catheter assembly comprising: a proximal catheterconfigured to be in fluid communication with a ventricle of a brain andto extend through a burr hole formed within a skull receiving the brain;and a cranial cover cooperating with the proximal catheter, the cranialcover including: a base plate including an upper surface, a lowersurface, and an opening extending through the base plate between theupper surface and the lower surface, the proximal catheter extendingthrough the opening of the base plate; and a guide extending upwardlyfrom the upper surface of the base plate and receiving the proximalcatheter for extending parallel to the upper surface of the base plate.2. The ventricular catheter assembly of claim 1, wherein the base plateincludes a first member, a second member, and a split interfaceextending through the opening between the first member and the secondmember.
 3. The ventricular catheter assembly of claim 2, wherein theguide includes a holder retaining the proximal catheter, the holderbeing longitudinally aligned along the split interface of the baseplate.
 4. The ventricular catheter assembly of claim 2, wherein thefirst member of the base plate includes an alignment tab, and the secondmember of the base plate includes an alignment notch for receiving thealignment tab.
 5. The ventricular catheter assembly of claim 1, furthercomprising a plurality of mounting tabs extending outwardly from thebase plate, and a plurality of bone screws received within the mountingtabs for securing the base plate to the skull.
 6. The ventricularcatheter assembly of claim 1, wherein the opening within the base plateincludes an arcuate track, and the guide is received within the arcuatetrack for movement along an arc.
 7. The ventricular catheter assembly ofclaim 1, wherein the guide includes opposing first and second risers,and a holder having first and second lips supported by the first andsecond risers, the first and second lips configured to retain theproximal catheter between the first and second risers.
 8. Theventricular catheter assembly of claim 1, wherein the base plate isresilient to conform to curvature of the skull.
 9. A method of treatinghydrocephalus comprising the steps of: forming a burr hole within theskull of a person; placing a proximal catheter in fluid communicationwith a ventricle of a brain within the skull; positioning a cranialcover external to the skull, the cranial cover including a base platehaving an opening, and a guide supported by the base plate; aligning theopening of the base plate with the burr hole in the skull; securing thebase plate of the cranial cover to the skull; positioning the proximalcatheter within the guide parallel to an outer surface of the skull; andsecuring the proximal catheter within the guide.
 10. The method of claim9, wherein the aligning step includes positioning a downwardly extendingboss of the cranial cover within the burr hole of the skull.
 11. Themethod of claim 9, wherein: the base plate includes a first member, asecond member, and a split interface extending through the openingbetween the first member and the second member thereby defining a firstsemi-circular notch in the first member and a second semi-circular notchin the second member; the aligning step includes positioning the firstnotch of the first member and the second notch of the second member withthe burr hole of the skull; and the base plate securing step includessecuring the first member on a first side of the burr hole, positioningthe proximal catheter within the first notch of the first member, andsecuring the second member on a second side of the burr hole with thesecond notch receiving the proximal catheter.
 12. The method of claim 9,wherein the proximal catheter securing step includes snap-fitting theproximal catheter between first and second lips supported by first andsecond risers of the guide.